Scale Reference — Quick Reference

Pin this next to your keyboard. Every major and natural minor scale with fingerings. RH = Right Hand, LH = Left Hand. Finger numbers: 1 = thumb, 5 = pinky.

---

All Major Scales

C Major

Notes	C - D - E - F - G - A - B - C
Key Signature	No sharps or flats
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
LH Fingering	5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1
Relative Minor	A minor

---

Db Major

Notes	Db - Eb - F - Gb - Ab - Bb - C - Db
Key Signature	5 flats (Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb)
RH Fingering	2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 1 - 2
LH Fingering	3 - 2 - 1 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3
Relative Minor	Bb minor

---

D Major

Notes	D - E - F# - G - A - B - C# - D
Key Signature	2 sharps (F#, C#)
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
LH Fingering	5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1
Relative Minor	B minor

---

Eb Major

Notes	Eb - F - G - Ab - Bb - C - D - Eb
Key Signature	3 flats (Bb, Eb, Ab)
RH Fingering	3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 1 - 2 - 3
LH Fingering	3 - 2 - 1 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3
Relative Minor	C minor

---

E Major

Notes	E - F# - G# - A - B - C# - D# - E
Key Signature	4 sharps (F#, C#, G#, D#)
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
LH Fingering	5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1
Relative Minor	C# minor

---

F Major

Notes	F - G - A - Bb - C - D - E - F
Key Signature	1 flat (Bb)
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4
LH Fingering	5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1
Relative Minor	D minor

---

F#/Gb Major

Notes	F# - G# - A# - B - C# - D# - E# - F# (enharmonic: Gb - Ab - Bb - Cb - Db - Eb - F - Gb)
Key Signature	6 sharps (F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#) / 6 flats (Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb)
RH Fingering	2 - 3 - 4 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2
LH Fingering	4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 4
Relative Minor	D#/Eb minor

---

G Major

Notes	G - A - B - C - D - E - F# - G
Key Signature	1 sharp (F#)
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
LH Fingering	5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1
Relative Minor	E minor

---

Ab Major

Notes	Ab - Bb - C - Db - Eb - F - G - Ab
Key Signature	4 flats (Bb, Eb, Ab, Db)
RH Fingering	3 - 4 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3
LH Fingering	3 - 2 - 1 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3
Relative Minor	F minor

---

A Major

Notes	A - B - C# - D - E - F# - G# - A
Key Signature	3 sharps (F#, C#, G#)
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
LH Fingering	5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1
Relative Minor	F# minor

---

Bb Major

Notes	Bb - C - D - Eb - F - G - A - Bb
Key Signature	2 flats (Bb, Eb)
RH Fingering	4 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4
LH Fingering	3 - 2 - 1 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3
Relative Minor	G minor

---

B Major

Notes	B - C# - D# - E - F# - G# - A# - B
Key Signature	5 sharps (F#, C#, G#, D#, A#)
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
LH Fingering	4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1
Relative Minor	G# minor

---

Natural Minor Scales

A Minor (relative of C Major)

Notes	A - B - C - D - E - F - G - A
Key Signature	No sharps or flats
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
LH Fingering	5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1

---

Bb Minor (relative of Db Major)

Notes	Bb - C - Db - Eb - F - Gb - Ab - Bb
Key Signature	5 flats
RH Fingering	4 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4
LH Fingering	2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 4 - 3 - 2

---

B Minor (relative of D Major)

Notes	B - C# - D - E - F# - G - A - B
Key Signature	2 sharps (F#, C#)
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
LH Fingering	4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1

---

C Minor (relative of Eb Major)

Notes	C - D - Eb - F - G - Ab - Bb - C
Key Signature	3 flats (Bb, Eb, Ab)
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
LH Fingering	5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1

---

C# Minor (relative of E Major)

Notes	C# - D# - E - F# - G# - A - B - C#
Key Signature	4 sharps (F#, C#, G#, D#)
RH Fingering	3 - 4 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3
LH Fingering	3 - 2 - 1 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3

---

D Minor (relative of F Major)

Notes	D - E - F - G - A - Bb - C - D
Key Signature	1 flat (Bb)
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
LH Fingering	5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1

---

D#/Eb Minor (relative of F#/Gb Major)

Notes	Eb - F - Gb - Ab - Bb - Cb - Db - Eb
Key Signature	6 flats
RH Fingering	3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 1 - 2 - 3
LH Fingering	2 - 1 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2

---

E Minor (relative of G Major)

Notes	E - F# - G - A - B - C - D - E
Key Signature	1 sharp (F#)
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
LH Fingering	5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1

---

F Minor (relative of Ab Major)

Notes	F - G - Ab - Bb - C - Db - Eb - F
Key Signature	4 flats (Bb, Eb, Ab, Db)
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4
LH Fingering	5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1

---

F# Minor (relative of A Major)

Notes	F# - G# - A - B - C# - D - E - F#
Key Signature	3 sharps (F#, C#, G#)
RH Fingering	3 - 4 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3
LH Fingering	4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 4

---

G Minor (relative of Bb Major)

Notes	G - A - Bb - C - D - Eb - F - G
Key Signature	2 flats (Bb, Eb)
RH Fingering	1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
LH Fingering	5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 1

---

G# Minor (relative of B Major)

Notes	G# - A# - B - C# - D# - E - F# - G#
Key Signature	5 sharps (F#, C#, G#, D#, A#)
RH Fingering	3 - 4 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3
LH Fingering	3 - 2 - 1 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 3

---

Circle of Fifths

                        C
                   F         G
                Bb               D
              Eb                   A
                Ab               E
                   Db/C#    B/Cb
                      Gb/F#

        FLATS <---              ---> SHARPS

   Key Signatures (Sharps):        Key Signatures (Flats):
   G  = 1# (F#)                    F  = 1b (Bb)
   D  = 2# (F#, C#)                Bb = 2b (Bb, Eb)
   A  = 3# (F#, C#, G#)            Eb = 3b (Bb, Eb, Ab)
   E  = 4# (F#, C#, G#, D#)        Ab = 4b (Bb, Eb, Ab, Db)
   B  = 5# (F#, C#, G#, D#, A#)    Db = 5b (Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb)
   F# = 6# (all)                   Gb = 6b (all)

How to Use the Circle

• Moving clockwise adds 1 sharp (or removes 1 flat)
• Moving counter-clockwise adds 1 flat (or removes 1 sharp)
• Opposite keys on the circle are farthest apart (e.g., C and F#/Gb)
• Every major key has a relative minor 3 half-steps below it (e.g., C major / A minor)

---

Major/Minor Scale Quick Lookup Table

Major Key	Key Sig.	Relative Minor	Key Sig.
C	—	Am	—
G	1#	Em	1#
D	2#	Bm	2#
A	3#	F#m	3#
E	4#	C#m	4#
B	5#	G#m	5#
F#/Gb	6#/6b	D#m/Ebm	6#/6b
F	1b	Dm	1b
Bb	2b	Gm	2b
Eb	3b	Cm	3b
Ab	4b	Fm	4b
Db	5b	Bbm	5b

---

Scale Formulas

Major Scale: W - W - H - W - W - W - H (W = Whole step, H = Half step)

Natural Minor Scale: W - H - W - W - H - W - W

A natural minor scale uses the same notes as its relative major, starting from the 6th degree.

---

Reference Librarian — Piano School 20-Hour Beginner Course